Njodzi dziripo dzekuchera oiri negasi dzinotyisa, uye yakanyanya kuoma kusava nechokwadi kwekumanikidzwa kwegomba.Maererano neInternational Association of Drilling Contractors,Managed Pressure Drilling (MPD)idhiraivha inodhirowa nzira inoshandiswa kunyatso kudzora kudzvanywa kwegore rose mutsime rose.Kwemakore makumi mashanu apfuura, matekinoroji mazhinji uye nzira dzakagadzirwa uye dzakanatswa kuderedza uye kukunda matambudziko akaunzwa nekumanikidzwa kusavimbika.Kubva pakaunzwa yekutanga Rotating Control Device (RCD) pasi rose muna 1968, Weatherford anga ari piyona muindasitiri iyi.
Semutungamiri muindasitiri yeMPD, Weatherford yakagadzira zvigadziriso zvakasiyana siyana uye matekinoroji ekuwedzera huwandu uye kushandiswa kwekumanikidza kutonga.Nekudaro, kudzora kudzvanywa hakusi kungodzora annular pressure.Inofanirwa kufunga zvisingaverengeki akasarudzika ekushanda pasirese, maumbirwo akaomarara, uye matambudziko munzvimbo dzakasiyana dzematsime.Nemakumi emakore eruzivo rwakaunganidzirwa, nyanzvi dzehunyanzvi dzekambani dzinoona kuti yakanakisa kudzvanya dhizaini maitiro anofanirwa kugadzirwa kugadzirisa matambudziko akasiyana pane kuve saizi imwe-inokodzera-ese system kune chero application.Kutungamirirwa nemusimboti uyu, matekinoroji eMPD emazinga akasiyana akagadzirwa kuti asangane nezvinodiwa zvakasiyana zvemakambani anoshanda, zvisinei nekuti mamiriro avo kana nharaunda angave akaoma sei.
01. Kugadzira Yakavharwa-Loop System Uchishandisa RCD
RCD inopa vimbiso yekuchengeteka uye kuyerera kweyekuyerera, kushanda seyekupinda-level tekinoroji yeMPD.Yakagadzirwa mu1960s yekushanda pamahombekombe, RCDs dzakagadzirirwa kutsausa kuyerera pamusoro pe.BOPkugadzira iyo yakavharwa-loop circulation system.Iyo kambani yakaramba ichigadzira uye kuvandudza tekinoroji yeRCD, kuwana budiriro-yakaratidzwa mumunda kwemakumi emakore akati wandei.
Sezvo maMPD maapplication achiwedzera kuita mamwe minda inonetsa (senge nharaunda nyowani nematambudziko), zvinodiwa zvepamusoro zvinoiswa paMPD masisitimu.Izvi zvakurudzira kuenderera mberi muRCD tekinoroji, iyo ikozvino ine yakakwirira yakayerwa kumanikidza uye tembiricha, kunyangwe kuwana zvikwaniriso zvekushandisa mumamiriro egasi akachena kubva kuAmerican Petroleum Institute.Semuyenzaniso, Weatherford's polyurethane high-temperature sealing components ine 60% yepamusoro-rated tembiricha zvichienzaniswa nezviripo polyurethane components.
Nekukura kweindasitiri yesimba uye kuvandudzwa kwemisika yekunze, Weatherford yakagadzira mhando nyowani dzeRCD kugadzirisa matambudziko akasarudzika enzvimbo dzisina kudzika uye dzakadzika.MaRCD anoshandiswa pamapuratifomu ekuchera mvura asina kudzika anoiswa pamusoro peBOP, nepo pamidziyo yekuchera ine simba, maRCD anowanzo kuisirwa pazasi petension ring sechikamu chegungano rekusimudza.Pasinei nekushandiswa kana nharaunda, RCD inoramba iri tekinoroji yakakosha, kuchengetedza nguva dzose kumanikidzwa kweannular panguva yekuchera, kugadzira zvipingamupinyi zvinodzivirira, kudzivirira njodzi dzekuchera, uye kudzora kupinda kwemvura yekugadzira.
02. Kuwedzera Choke Mavhavha eZviri Nani Kudzora Kudzvinyirira
Nepo maRCD achigona kutsausa mvura inodzoka, kugona kushinga kudzora kudzvanywa kwemugodhi kunowanikwa nemidziyo yepasi pemvura, kunyanya mavharuvhu.Kubatanidza iyi midziyo neRCDs inogonesa MPD tekinoroji, ichipa hutongi hwakasimba pamusoro pekumanikidzwa kwemusoro.Weatherford's PressurePro Managed Pressure solution, kana yakashandiswa pamwe chete neRCDs, inosimudzira kugona kuchera uku ichidzivirira zviitiko zvine chekuita nedzvinyiriro pasi.
Iyi sisitimu inoshandisa imwechete Human-Machine Interface (HMI) kudzora mavharuvhu ekudzipwa.Iyo HMI inoratidzwa palaptop mukamuri yekudhiraivha kana parigi pasi, ichibvumira vashandi vemumunda kuti vadzore mavharuvhu ekudzipwa vachitarisa zvakakosha kuchera paramita.Vashandi vanoisa iyo inodiwa kukosha kukosha, uye ipapo iyo PressurePro system inongo chengetedza iyo kumanikidza nekudzora iyo SBP.Iwo mavharuvhu anodzipwa anogona kugadziridzwa otomatiki zvichienderana neshanduko mukutsikirira pasi, achigonesa kukurumidza uye yakavimbika system kugadzirisa.
03. Mhinduro Yekuzvimirira Yekuderedzwa Kwekuchera Ngozi
Victus Intelligent MPD Solution inomira seimwe yezvigadzirwa zveWeatherford zvakanyanya kukosha zveMPD uye imwe yemhando yepamusoro yeMPD tekinoroji pamusika.Yakavakwa pamusoro peWeatherford's yakakura RCD uye choke valve tekinoroji, iyi mhinduro inosimudza humbowo, kutonga, uye otomatiki kune zvisati zvamboitika.Nekubatanidza midziyo yekuchera, inogonesa kutaurirana pakati pemichina, chaiyo-nguva kuongororwa kwemamiriro etsime, uye nekukurumidza otomatiki mhinduro kubva kune imwe nzvimbo yepakati, nekudaro ichinyatso chengetedza kudzvanywa kwepasi.
Pamberi pemidziyo, Victus mhinduro inosimudzira kuyerera uye density kuyerwa kugona nekubatanidza Coriolis misa yekuyerera mita uye manifold ane mana akazvimirira anodzorwa anodzipwa mavharuvhu.Yepamberi hydraulic modhi inofunga tembiricha yemvura uye yekuumbwa, kusimba kwemvura, uye tsime rekucheka mhedzisiro kuti unyatso kuona chaiyo-nguva yepasi pasi kumanikidza.Artificial intelligence (AI) control algorithms inozivisa wellbore anomalies, kuzivisa anodhiraivha uye MPD vanoshanda, uye otomatiki kutumira gadziriso mirairo kune MPD pamusoro pemidziyo.Izvi zvinobvumira kuona-chaiyo-nguva yekuonekwa kwe wellbore influx / kurasikirwa uye inogonesa kugadziridzwa kwakakodzera kumidziyo yakavakirwa pa hydraulic modeling uye kutonga kwakangwara, zvese pasina kudikanwa kwekushandisa kwemaoko kubva kune vanoshanda.Iyo sisitimu, yakavakirwa pane programmable logic controllers (PLCs), inogona kubatanidza nyore nyore chero nzvimbo pane yekuchera chikuva kuti ipe yakavimbika, yakachengeteka MPD zvivakwa.
Iyo yakapfava mushandisi interface inobatsira vashandisi kuti varambe vakatarisa pane akakosha ma paramita uye buritsa yambiro yezviitiko zvinongoerekana zvaitika.Status-based monitoring inoteedzera kuita kweMPD michina, ichigonesa proactive kugadzirisa.Kuvimbika otomatiki kushuma, sepfupiso yemazuva ese kana ongororo yemashure-yebasa, inowedzera kukwenenzvera kuita kwekuchera.Mukushanda kwemvura yakadzika, kudzora kure kuburikidza nemushandisi mumwechete inogonesa kuisirwa kusimuka, kuvharwa kwakazara kweAnnular Isolation Device (AID), RCD kukiya uye kuvhura, uye kuyerera nzira yekudzora.Kubva pakugadzirwa kwematsime uye mashandiro enguva-chaiyo kusvika kupfupiso-yebasa, data rese rinoramba richienderana.Kutungamira kweiyo chaiyo-nguva yekuona uye engineering ongororo / kuronga zvinhu zvinobatwa kuburikidza neCENTRO Well Construction Optimization chikuva.
Zviitiko zviri kuitika zvino zvinosanganisira kushandiswa kwemamita ekuyerera kwepamusoro-soro (akaiswa pamukwidza) kutsiva zviverengero zvepombi sitiroko zvepombi kuitira kuyerwa kwekuyerera kuri nani.Neiyi tekinoroji nyowani, iyo rheological zvimiro uye hukuru hwekuyerera hunhu hwemvura inopinda yakavharwa-loop yekuchera wedunhu inogona kuenzaniswa nezviyero zvemvura inodzoka.Kuenzaniswa nemaitiro echinyakare madhaka ekuyera maitiro ane akaderera ekuvandudza ma frequency, iyi sisitimu inopa yepamusoro hydraulic modhi uye chaiyo-nguva data.
04. Kupa Zviri Nyore, Zvakananga Kudzvinyirira Kudzora uye Kuwana Data
Iyo PressurePro uye Victus matekinoroji mhinduro dzakagadzirirwa yekupinda-chikamu uye yepamusoro-soro yekudzora dhizaini maapplication, zvichiteerana.Weatherford yakaziva kuti pane zvikumbiro zvakafanira mhinduro dzinowira pakati pematanho maviri aya.Iyo kambani yazvino Modus MPD mhinduro inozadza gaka iri.Yakagadzirirwa kushandiswa kwakasiyana-siyana senge yakakwira-tembiricha kana yakadzika-tembiricha nharaunda, kumahombekombe, uye isina kudzika mvura, chinangwa chesisitimu chakatwasuka: kutarisa pamabhenefiti ekuita kwehunyanzvi hwekudzora tekinoroji, zvichiita kuti makambani anoshanda adhire zvakanyanya uye kuderedza kushushikana-kwakabatana. nyaya.
Iyo Modus mhinduro inoratidzira modular dhizaini yekuchinjika uye inoshanda kuisirwa.Midziyo mitatu inoiswa mukati memudziyo mumwe chete wekutumira, ichingoda kukwidziridzwa kamwe chete panguva yekurodha pasi.Kana zvichidikanwa, mamodule ega ega anogona kubviswa kubva mumudziyo wekutumira kuti apinzwe chaiwo akatenderedza tsime.
Iyo choke manifold imwe yakazvimirira module, asi kana paine chikonzero chekuimisa mukati mezvivakwa zviripo, iyo system inogona kugadzirwa kuti isangane nezvinodiwa zvega rega rekuchera.Yakashongedzerwa nemavharuvhu maviri edhijitari anodzipa, sisitimu inobvumira kushandiswa kuri nyore kwevhavha yekuzviparadzanisa nevamwe kana kushandiswa kwakasanganiswa kwemazinga epamusoro ekuyerera.Kudzora chaiko kweaya mavharuvhu anodzipwa kunonatsiridza kudzvinyirirwa kwetsime uye Equivalent Circulating Density (ECD) control, zvichiita kuti kuchera kwakanyatso shanda nekuderera kwedhaka density.Iyo manifold zvakare inosanganisa yakawandisa yekudzivirira system uye pombi.
Iyo yekuyerera kuyerwa mudziyo ndeimwe module.Ichishandisa Coriolis inoyerera mita, inoyera kudzoka kuyerera uye zvivakwa zvemvura, inozivikanwa seindasitiri-yakajairwa yekurongeka.Nekuenderera mberi kwehuwandu hwe data, vashandisi vanogona kuona nekukasira kudzika kwekumanikidza shanduko inoonekwa nenzira yekuyerera anomalies.Kuonekwa kwechokwadi-nguva yemamiriro etsime kunofambisa mhinduro nekukurumidza uye kugadzirisa, kugadzirisa nyaya dzekumanikidzwa dzisati dzakanganisa mashandisirwo.
Iyo dhijitari yekudzora sisitimu inoiswa mukati meyechitatu module uye ine basa rekutonga iyo data uye mabasa eyero uye yekudzora michina.Iyi dhijitari papuratifomu inoshanda kuburikidza neHMI yelaptop, ichibvumira vashandisi kuti vaone kuyerwa mamiriro nemaitiro enhoroondo uye kudzora kudzvanywa kuburikidza nedhijitari software.Machati anoratidzwa pachiratidziro anopa chaiwo-nguva mafambiro emamiriro ekudzika, achigonesa kuita sarudzo kuri nani uye nekukurumidza mhinduro dzinobva pane data.Paunenge uchishanda mune inogara ichidzika bottomhole pressure mode, iyo system inogona kukurumidza kushandisa kumanikidza panguva yekubatanidza nguva.Nekudzvanya bhatani kwakapfava, sisitimu inogadzirisa otomatiki mavharuvhu kuti aise kudzvanywa kunodiwa kune tsime, kuchengetedza inogara ichidzika pasi pasi pasina kuyerera.Data rakakodzera rinounganidzwa, rinochengeterwa kuongororwa mushure mebasa, uye rinofambiswa kuburikidza neWell Information Transmission System (WITS) interface yekuona papuratifomu yeCENTRO.
Nekudzora otomatiki kudzvanywa, iyo Modus mhinduro inogona kukurumidza kupindura kune downhole shanduko shanduko, kuchengetedza vashandi, tsime, nharaunda, uye zvimwe zvinhu.Sechikamu cheiyo wellbore kutendeseka system, iyo Modus mhinduro inodzora Equivalent Circulating Density (ECD), ichipa nzira yakavimbika yekusimudzira kuchengetedzwa kwekushanda nekudzivirira kutendeseka kwekuumbwa, nekudaro kuwana kuchera kwakachengeteka mukati matete ekuchengetedza mahwindo ane akawanda akasiyana uye asingazivikanwe.
Weatherford inovimba neanopfuura makore makumi mashanu echiitiko, zviuru zvekushanda, uye mamirioni emaawa enguva yekushanda kupfupikisa nzira dzakavimbika, kukwezva kambani inoshanda yeOhio-yakavakirwa kuendesa iyo Modus mhinduro.Munzvimbo yeUtica Shale, kambani inoshanda yaifanira kudhiraivha tsime re8.5-inch kusvika pakadzika dhizaini kuti isangane nemvumo yemutengo wekushandisa.
Kuenzaniswa nenguva yakarongwa yekuchera, mhinduro yeModus yakapfupisa nguva yekuchera ne 60%, ichipedzisa chikamu chose chetsime murwendo rumwe.Kiyi yebudiriro iyi yaive kushandiswa kweMPD tekinoroji kuchengetedza dhaka rakakwana mukati mechikamu chakachinjika chakagadzirwa, kuderedza tsime rinotenderera kurasikirwa kwekumanikidzwa.Chinangwa chaive chekudzivirira kukuvara kwekugadzira kubva kune yakakwira-density madhaka mumafomu ane asina chokwadi ekumanikidza profiles.
Munguva yekutanga dhizaini uye dhizaini yekugadzira dhizaini, nyanzvi dzehunyanzvi dzeWeatherford dzakadyidzana nekambani inoshanda kutsanangura chiyero chetsime rakachinjika uye kuseta zvinangwa zvekuchera.Chikwata chakaona zvinodikanwa uye chikagadzira hurongwa hwekupa sevhisi yemhando yaisangobatanidza mafambisirwo eprojekiti uye kutakura zvinhu asiwo yakadzikisa mutengo wese.Weatherford mainjiniya akakurudzira mhinduro yeModus sesarudzo yakanakisa yekambani inoshanda.
Mushure mekupedza dhizaini, vashandi vepa Weatherford vakaita ongororo yesaiti muOhio, vachibvumira timu yeko kugadzirira nzvimbo yebasa nenzvimbo yegungano uye kuona nekubvisa njodzi dzinogona kuitika.Zvichakadaro, nyanzvi kubva kuTexas dzakaedza michina isati yatumirwa.Zvikwata zviviri izvi zvakachengeta kuenderera mberi kutaurirana nekambani inoshanda kuronga kuendesa michina panguva.Mushure mekunge midziyo yeModus MPD yasvika panzvimbo yekuchera, kuiswa kwakanaka uye kutumwa kwakaitwa, uye boka reWeatherford rakakurumidza kugadzirisa magadzirirwo ekushanda kweMPD kuti agadzirise shanduko mukugadzirwa kwekambani yekushanda.
05. PaSaiti Yakabudirira Kushandisa
Zvisinei, tsime richangodonhedzwa, zviratidzo zvekuvharika zvakaonekwa mugomba racho.Mushure mekukurukura nekambani inoshanda, Weatherford's MPD timu yakapa chirongwa chekupedzisira chekushanda kugadzirisa nyaya iyi.Mhinduro yaidiwa yaive yekuwedzera backpressure uku uchisimudza zvishoma nezvishoma dhaka density ne 0.5ppg (0.06 SG).Izvi zvakabvumira kuti simbi yekuchera irambe ichichera pasina kumirira kugadziriswa kwedhaka uye pasina kuwedzera zvakanyanya kuwedzera kwedhaka.Nekugadzirisa uku, gungano rekuchera pasi rakafanana rakashandiswa kuchera kusvika kune chinangwa chakadzika chechikamu chehorizontal mune imwe rwendo.
Munguva yese yekushanda, mhinduro yeModus yakanyatso ongorora kubuda kwetsime uye kurasikirwa, ichibvumira kambani inoshanda kushandisa mvura yekuchera ine yakaderera densities uye kuderedza kushandiswa kwebarite.Semubatsiri kune yakaderera-density madhaka mutsime, Modus MPD tekinoroji yakashanda nesimba rekudzosera kumashure patsime kuti ibate zviri nyore kuenderera kunoramba kuchichinja kudzika mamiriro.Nzira dzechinyakare dzinowanzotora maawa kana zuva kuwedzera kana kuderedza kuwanda kwedhaka.
Nekushandisa tekinoroji yeModus, kambani inoshanda yakadhiza kusvika pakadzika mazuva mapfumbamwe pamberi pemazuva ekugadzira (mazuva gumi nemashanu).Pamusoro pezvo, nekudzikisira dhaka density ne1.0 ppg (0.12 SG) uye kugadzirisa backpressure kuti ienzanise downhole uye kuumbwa kumanikidza, kambani inoshanda yakadzikisa mutengo wese.Neiyi Weatherford mhinduro, chikamu chakachinjika chinosvika 18,000 tsoka (5486 metres) chakacherwa murwendo rumwe chete, zvichiwedzera Mechanical Rate of Penetration (ROP) ne18% zvichienzaniswa nematsime mana akajairika ari pedyo.
06.Outlook paRamangwana reMPD Technology
Mhosva dzakadururwa pamusoro, uko kukosha kunogadzirwa kuburikidza nekusimudzira mashandiro, ingori imwe muenzaniso wekushandiswa kwakakura kweWeatherford's Modus mhinduro.Pakazosvika 2024, batch yemasisitimu ichaiswa pasi rese kuti iwedzere kuwedzera kushandiswa kwesimba rekudzora tekinoroji, zvichibvumira mamwe makambani anoshanda kuti anzwisise uye awane kukosha kwenguva refu nemamiriro mashoma akaoma uye epamusoro tsime rekuvaka mhando.
Kwemakore akawanda, indasitiri yemagetsi yakangoshandisa tekinoroji yekudzora tekinoroji panguva yekuchera mabasa.Weatherford ine maonero akasiyana pamusoro pekudzvinyirira.Ndiyo mhinduro yekusimudzira mashandiro inoshanda kune akawanda, kana asiri ese, mapoka ematsime emafuta, anosanganisira matsime akachinjika, matsime anotungamira, matsime ekusimudzira, matsime akawanda-emberi, nezvimwe.Nekutsanangudzazve zvinangwa izvo kudzvanywa kwekudzora mutsime kunogona kuzadzisa, zvinosanganisira simende, kumhanyisa casing, uye mamwe maoperation, ese anobatsirwa kubva kune yakagadzikana tsime, kudzivirira kudonha kwegomba uye kukuvadzwa kwekuumbwa uku uchiwedzera kugona.
Semuyenzaniso, kudzora kudzvanyirira panguva yekuisa simende kunobvumira makambani anoshanda kuti awedzere kugadzirisa zviitiko zvepasi senge kuwanda uye kurasikirwa, nekudaro zvichivandudza kuparadzaniswa kwenzvimbo.Simende inodzorwa nekumanikidza inonyanya kushanda mumatsime ane mahwindo madiki ekuchera, maumbirwo asina simba, kana micheto midiki.Kushandisa maturusi ekudzora maturusi uye tekinoroji panguva yekupedzisa mashandiro anobvumira kudzora kudzvinyirira kuri nyore panguva yekuisa maturusi ekupedzisa, kuvandudza kushanda zvakanaka uye kuderedza njodzi.
Zvirinani kudzvanywa kudzora mukati mekuchengetedza mahwindo ekushanda uye inoshanda kune ese matsime uye mashandiro.Nekuenderera mberi kwekubuda kweModus mhinduro uye masisitimu ekudzora kudzvanywa akarongedzerwa kune akasiyana maapplication, kudzora kudzvinyirira mune mamwe matsime emafuta ikozvino kwave kugona.Mhinduro dzeWeatherford dzinogona kupa yakazara kudzvinyirira kudzora, kuderedza tsaona, kuvandudza tsime remhando, kuwedzera kugadzikana kwemutsime, uye kuwedzera kugadzirwa.
Nguva yekutumira: Mar-20-2024